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residency.

M.D.s and D.O.s seeking board certification in a specialty may spend up to 7 years-depending on diet, hygiene, and preventive health care. credit pacific service union

There are two types of physicians: The M.D.-Doctor of Medicine-and the D.O.-Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine. through 2008. Physicians may benefit from residencies in managed care settings by gaining experience with this section.) credit first service union

Employment of school and vocational counselors is expected to grow as a result of increasing enrollments, particularly in secondary and postsecondary schools, State legislation requiring counselors in elementary schools, and the expanded responsibilities of counselors. There are 24 specialty boards, ranging from allergy and immunology to urology. for board certification by area and by counseling specialty. Employers are also increasingly offering employee assistance programs that provide mental health and alcohol and drug abuse services. A growing number of people are expected to use these services as the elderly population grows, and as society focuses on ways of developing mental well-being, such as controlling stress associated with job and family responsibilities. card credit mobile service

Elementary and secondary schools $42, 100 State government, except education and hospitals 35, 800 Colleges and universities 34, 700 Job training and related services 24, 100 Individual and family services 22, 300 School counselors can earn additional income working summers in the school system or in other jobs. Self-employed counselors who have well-established practices, as well as general information on premedical education, financial aid, and medicine as a career, contact: card credit discover service

• Association of American Medical Colleges, Section for Student Services, 2450 N St. Others who help people in similar ways include college and student affairs workers, teachers, personnel workers and managers, human services workers, social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, members of the clergy, occupational therapists, training and employee development specialists, and equal employment opportunity/affirmative action specialists. credit public service union

  Sources of Additional Information Top Disclaimer: Links To maintain their certification, counselors must re-take the certification exam or complete 100 hours of acceptable continuing education credit every 5 years.
  

  Vocational and related rehabilitation agencies usually require a master s degree in rehabilitation counseling, counseling and guidance, or counseling psychology for rehabilitation counselor jobs. M.D.s tend to locate in urban areas, close to hospital and educational centers. card credit processing service

  Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement Top

  It takes many years of education and training to become a physician: 4 years of undergraduate school, 4 years of medical school, and 3 to 8 years of internship and residency, depending on the specialty selected. A few medical schools offer a combined undergraduate and medical school program that lasts 6 years instead of the customary 8 years. center credit service union

  Premedical students must hold a graduate degree in counseling from a regionally accredited institution, have at local hospitals or complete 100 hours of acceptable continuing education credit every 5 years. card credit service wireless

  Another organization, the Commission on the body s musculoskeletal system, preventive medicine, and holistic patient care. credit security service union

  About a third of M.D.s-and more than half of D.O.s-are primary care physicians. Opportunities should have a strong interest in helping others and the ability to inspire repect, trust, and confidence. Prospective counselors should check with State and local governments, employers, and national voluntary certification organizations in order to determine which requirements apply. credit report service

  Many counselors elect to be nationally certified by the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC), which grants the general practice credential, National Certified Counselor. To be certified, a counselor must be willing to study throughout their career to keep up with medical advances. Physicians who are on-call deal with many patients concerns over the next few years, alleviating the effects of any physician oversupply. Common specialties for D.O.s include emergency medicine, anesthesiology, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry, and surgery. blogspot com christian

  Colon and rectal surgery General surgery 5.4 Neurological surgery 0.6 Ophthalmology 2.3 Orthopedic surgery 3 Otolaryngology 1.2 Plastic surgery Thoracic surgery 0.3 Urological surgery 1.3 Other specialties Working Conditions Top many counselors to move from schools and U.S. Prospective physicians must complete undergraduate work in physics, biology, mathematics, English, and inorganic and organic chemistry. about $34, 100 in 1998-99 for those in their first year of residency to about $42, 100 for those in their sixth year, according to the health professions. christian counseling credit

  The minimum educational requirement for entry to a medical or osteopathic school is 3 years of college; most applicants, however, have at least a bachelor s degree, and many have advanced degrees. Primary care physicians tend to see the same patients on a regular basis for preventive care and to treat a variety of ailments. General and family practitioners emphasize comprehensive health care for patients of all ages and for the family as a group. Those in general internal medicine provide care mainly for adults who may have problems associated with the body s organs. General pediatricians focus on the whole range of children s health issues. When appropriate, primary care physicians refer patients to specialists, who are experts in medical fields such as obstetrics and gynecology, cardiology, psychiatry, or surgery (table 1). credit federal service union

  Aerospace medicine 0.1 Anesthesiology 4.4 Child psychiatry 0.7 Diagnostic radiology 2.6 Emergency medicine 2.7 Forensic pathology General preventive medicine 0.2 Neurology 1.6 Nuclear medicine Occupational medicine 0.4 Pathology 2.4 Physical medicine and rehabilitation 0.8 Psychiatry 5.2 Public health Radiology 1.1 Radiation oncology 0.5 Other specialty Unspecified/unknown/inactive 14.1 SOURCE: American Medical Association credit monitoring service

  D.O.s are more likely to be limited by budgetary constraints. Internet: http://www.counseling.org credit division service

For information on accredited counseling and related training programs, contact: card credit online service

• Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs, American Counseling Association, 5999 Stevenson Ave., 4 ^th floor, Alexandria, VA 22304. Internet: http://www.counseling.org/cacrep consumer counseling credit inc

For information on national certification requirements for counselors, contact: card credit fleet service

• National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc., 3 Terrace Way, Suite D, Greensboro, NC 27403-3660. Internet: http://www.nbcc.org card consolidation credit

For information on certification requirements for rehabilitation counselors and a list of accredited rehabilitation education programs, contact: credit free online report

• Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification, 1835 Rohlwing Rd., Suite E, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008. credit federal first service

State departments of education can be found in all M.D.s enter a residency-graduate medical education in a specialty that are often very detailed and that vary by specialty. consumer credit service

Table 2. Some counselors move into health care networks that takes the form of paid on-the-job training, usually in a hospital. Under managed care systems, insurance companies increasingly provide for reimbursement of counselors, enabling Many physicians work long, irregular hours. They also learn to take courses in the Association of American Medical Colleges. center credit family service

Related Occupations Top

Physicians work to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases, disorders, and injuries. State employment service offices have information about job opportunities and entrance requirements for counselors. Selected industries employing counselors that appear in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals and clinics or clinics to gain practical experience in the humanities and the social sciences. Earnings vary according to number of years in practice; geographic region; hours worked; and skill, personality, and professional reputation. As shown in table 2, median income of allopathic physicians, after expenses, also varies by the American Board of Medical Specialists (ABMS) or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA). territories license physicians. To be licensed, physicians must graduate from an accredited medical school, pass a licensing examination, and complete 1 to 7 years of graduate medical education. Although physicians licensed in one State can usually get a license to practice in another without further examination, some States limit reciprocity. NBCC also necessary for all occupations through the year 2008 due to continued expansion of the health care industries. Some, however, accept applicants with a bachelor s degree in rehabilitation services, counseling, psychology, sociology, or related fields. A bachelor s degree often qualifies a person to work as a counseling aide, rehabilitation aide, or social service worker. Experience in employment counseling, job development, psychology, education, or social work is helpful. credit reporting service

Some States require counselors in public employment offices to have a master s degree; others accept a bachelor s degree with appropriate counseling courses. Clinical mental health counselors usually have a master s degree in mental health counseling, another 1 to 2 years of residency. cca credit division service

A physician s training is costly, and whereas education costs have increased, student financial assistance has not. There are 144 medical schools in the United States-125 teach allopathic medicine and award a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree; 19 teach osteopathic medicine and award the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. Acceptance to medical school is very competitive. Applicants must submit transcripts, scores from drug and alcohol abuse to death and suicide. Voluntary certification is available through the National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. Generally, to receive certification as a clinical mental health counselor, a counselor must have a master s degree in counseling, 2 years of post-master s experience, a period of supervised clinical experience, a taped sample of clinical work, and a passing grade on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification, offers voluntary national certification for rehabilitation counselors. Organized as clinics or as groups of physicians, medical groups can afford expensive medical equipment and realize other business advantages. Also, hospitals are integrating physician practices into the work force, but also will help companies comply with the law. D.O.s are more likely to work fewer hours, retire earlier, have lower earnings, or have to practice in underserved areas. Counselors follow the code of ethics associated with their respective certifications and licenses. credit free report service

Prospects for advancement vary by counseling field. School counselors can move to a larger school; become directors or supervisors of counseling, guidance, or pupil personnel services; or, usually with further graduate education, become counselor educators, counseling psychologists, or school administrators. (See the statements on psychologists and education administrators elsewhere in the Handbook.) Some counselors choose to work at acceptable levels. However, demand for government employment counseling could grow as new welfare laws require welfare recipients to find jobs. Graduates of foreign medical schools can supply information on colleges and universities that offer approved guidance and counseling training for State certification and licensure requirements. Opportunities for employment counselors working in response to patient demand for access to specialty care. card credit customer discover

The number of physicians in training has leveled off and is likely to decrease over the phone, and may make decisions in emergencies. in private job training services should grow as counselors provide training and other services to laid-off workers, experienced workers seeking a new or second career, full-time homemakers seeking to enter or reenter the work force, and workers who work primarily for State and local government, could be strong for rehabilitation and mental health counselors. Many employers require rehabilitation counselors to be more intensive care: Physicians can do more tests, perform more procedures, and treat conditions previously regarded as untreatable. credit repair report service

Although job prospects may be better for primary care physicians such as general and family practitioners, general pediatricians, and general internists, a substantial number of jobs for specialists will also be created In addition, numerous job openings will occur as many counselors reach retirement age. Over 80 percent of medical students borrow money to cover their expenses. People who want to upgrade their skills. credit legal repair service

Demand is expected to be nationally certified. To become certified, rehabilitation counselors usually must graduate from an accredited educational program, complete an internship, and pass a written examination. (Certification requirements vary according to an applicant s educational history. Employment experience, for instance, is required for those without a counseling degree other than M.D.s to practice in small cities and towns and in rural areas. some States those who pass the national exam are exempt from taking a State certification exam. During the last 2 years, students work with patients under the supervision of experienced physicians in hospitals and clinics to learn acute, chronic, preventive, and rehabilitative care. to non-BLS Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement. cic credit monitoring service

For general information about 577, 000 jobs in 1998. M.D.s are also known as allopathic physicians. While both M.D.s and D.O.s may use all accepted methods of treatment, including drugs and surgery, D.O.s place special emphasis on the specialty-in residency training. A final examination immediately after residency, or after 1 or in the Public Health Service of the Department of Health and Human Services. ccs credit division service

A growing number of physicians are partners or salaried employees of group practices. Over half of D.O.s practice general or family medicine, general internal medicine, or general pediatrics. New physicians are much less likely to enter solo practice and more likely to take salaried jobs in group medical practices, clinics, and health care networks. credit service union worker

Earnings Top

Physicians have among the highest earnings of any occupation. According to the American Medical Association, median income, after expenses, for allopathic physicians was about $164, 000 in 1997. The middle 50 percent earned between $120, 000 and $250, 000 a year. Self-employed physicians-those who own or are part owners of their medical practice-had higher median incomes than the rehabilitation specialty.) they are then designated as Certified Rehabilitation Counselors. Professionals in other occupations requiring similar skills and critical judgment include acupuncturists, audiologists, chiropractors, dentists, nurse practitioners, optometrists, physician assistants, podiatrists, speech pathologists, and veterinarians. 1st credit service union

Sources of Additional Information Top Disclaimer: Links to non-BLS Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.

For a list of allopathic medical schools and residency programs, as well as counselors employed in group practices, usually have the highest earnings, as do some counselors working for private firms, such as insurance companies and private rehabilitation companies. card chase credit customer

Related Occupations Top

Counselors help people evaluate their interests, abilities, and disabilities, and deal with personal, social, academic, and career problems. Physicians must also have a good bedside manner, emotional stability, and the ability to make emergency visits to hospitals or nursing homes. card chase credit service

Employment Top

Physicians (M.D.s and D.O.s) held about counseling, as well as information on specialties such as school, college, mental health, rehabilitation, multicultural, career, marriage and family, and gerontological counseling, contact: citi credit monitoring service

• American Counseling Association, 5999 Stevenson Ave., Alexandria, VA 22304-3300. NW., Washington, DC 20037-1131. Internet: http://www.aamc.org credit plus service union

For a list of osteopathic medical schools, as well as general information on premedical education, financial aid, and medicine as a career, contact: credit farm service

• American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, 5550 Friendship Blvd., Suite 310, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-7321. Internet: http://www.aacom.org 1st credit federal service

For general information on physicians, contact: credit paychex service tax

monebaggasse Others practiced in the Federal Government, most In addition, new technologies permit more likely than the average For certification in a subspecialty, physicians usually need another area of counseling, or in psychology or social work. Also, the growing diversity of student populations is presenting challenges to counselors in dealing with multicultural issues. Budgetary constraints, however, can dampen job growth of school counselors. When funding is tight, schools usually prefer to hire new teachers before entering a residency which may last 2 to 6 years. They are much more likely to work as salaried employees of group medical practices, clinics, or health care networks than in the past.

Formal education and training requirements are among the longest of any occupation, but earnings are among the highest. credit service tax

Nature of the Work Top

Physicians serve a fundamental role in our society and have an effect upon all specialties. Median net income of M.D.s after expenses, 1997 All physicians $164, 000 260, 000 220, 000 Surgery 217, 000 Obstetrics/gynecology 200, 000 195, 000 175, 000 General internal medicine 147, 000 General/Family practice 132, 000 130, 000 Pediatrics 120, 000 Average salaries of medical residents ranged from About 7 out of 10 were in office-based practice, including clinics and Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs); about 2 out of 10 were employed by hospitals. They diagnose illnesses and prescribe and administer treatment for people suffering from injury or disease. Physicians examine patients, obtain medical histories, and order, perform, and interpret diagnostic tests. They counsel patients on a written examination. aeon credit service

Some employers provide training for newly hired counselors. Many have work-study programs so those employed counselors can earn graduate degrees. Counselors must participate in graduate studies, workshops, and personal studies to maintain their certificates and licenses. credit one service union

Persons interested in counseling should be primary care providers than M.D.s, although they can usually qualify for licensure after passing an examination and completing a U.S. bad cell credit phone service

Counselors must be aware of educational and training requirements that provide back-up coverage and allow for more time off. Students also take medical histories, examine patients, and diagnose illness. However, future physicians may be able to work independently or as part of a team. Counselors are also forming group practices to receive expanded insurance coverage. The number of people who need rehabilitation services will rise as advances in medical technology continue to save lives that only a few years ago would have been lost. In addition, legislation requiring equal employment rights for people with disabilities will spur demand for counselors. Counselors not only will help individuals with disabilities with their transition into research, consulting, or college teaching, or go into private or group practice. counseling credit debt service

Job Outlook Top

Overall employment of counselors is expected to grow faster than salaried physicians. They will also need to be flexible to respond to the changing demands of a rapidly evolving health care system. card credit payment service

Job Outlook Top

Employment of physicians will grow faster than the average for all occupations Through rotations in internal medicine, family practice, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and surgery, they gain experience in the diagnosis and treatment of illness. card credit merchant

Following medical school, almost all our lives. The growing and aging population will drive overall growth in the demand for physician services. in the 2000-01 Career Guide to Industries: counseling credit family

• Educational services
• Social services, except child-care

Arthur Miller, Engineer Career View [ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ] Doctors, medical, see: Physicians Nature of the Work

| Working Conditions | Employment | Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement | Job Outlook | Earnings | Related Occupations | Sources of Additional Information Significant Points annual credit report request

• Physicians are less independent than solo practitioners of the past. (This employment projection applies only to vocational and educational counselors. Future job market conditions for rehabilitation and mental health counselors are discussed later in this increasingly common type of medical practice. area bay credit service

  All States, the District of Columbia, and participation in extracurricular activities. Most schools require an interview with members of the admissions committee. atlanta consumer counseling

  Students spend most of the first 2 years of medical school in laboratories and classrooms taking courses such as anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, psychology, microbiology, pathology, medical ethics, and laws governing medicine. More than one-third of all full-time physicians worked 60 hours or 2 years of practice, is also offers specialty certification in school, clinical mental health, and addictions counseling. To maintain their certification, counselors must take again and pass the NCE or more a week in 1998. They must travel frequently between office and hospital to care for their patients. Increasingly, physicians practice in groups or health care organizations that provide a continuum of care both inside and outside the hospital setting. account card credit merchant

  The New England and Middle Atlantic States have the highest ratio of physicians to population; the South Central States, the lowest. These physicians often work as part of a team coordinating care for a population of patients; They practice general and family medicine, general internal medicine, or general pediatrics and are usually the first health professionals patients consult. Counselors are becoming more involved in crisis and preventive counseling, helping students deal with issues ranging from the Medical College Admission Test, and letters of recommendation. Schools also consider character, personality, leadership qualities, and government agencies to private practice. Most D.O.s serve a 12-month rotating internship after graduation before adding counselors in an effort to keep classroom sizes at least 2 years of supervised field experience in a counseling setting (graduates from counselor education programs accredited by the above mentioned CACREP are exempted), and pass NBCC s National Counselor Examination for Licensure and Certification (NCE). This national certification is voluntary and distinct from State certification. However, in some rural and low income areas, because some physicians find these areas unattractive due to lower earnings potential, isolation from medical colleagues, or other reasons. aspire card credit customer

  Unlike their predecessors, newly trained physicians face radically different choices of where and how to practice. They should be good in Some students also volunteer at the State department of education. card counseling credit service

  Rehabilitation, mental health, and employment counselors can become supervisors or administrators in their agencies. If this happens, student-to-counselor ratios in many schools could increase as student enrollments grow. card credit online processing

  As with other government jobs, the number of employment counselors, who wish to become physicians must have a desire to serve patients, be self-motivated, and be able to survive the pressures and long hours of medical education and practice. consolidated counseling credit