Credit Pacific Service Union Federal officials and utility executives are still searching for the precise cause of last week's cascade of power outages, but nearly as puzzling is why it abruptly stopped in central New Jersey.
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Credit First Service Union The triggering events, which appear to have started in Ohio, lasted all of nine seconds. That was enough to spread the outage like wildfire into eight states and Canada, but the blackout did not course south of New Brunswick.
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Card Credit Mobile Service If the outage hadn't been contained in New Jersey, utility analysts say, it could have gone on to darken the mid-Atlantic region perhaps even beyond Washington, D.C.
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Card Credit Discover Service More than 1 million people in northern New Jersey lost power in territory served by Public Service Electric & Gas. A much smaller number of customers lost power in western Pennsylvania around Lake Erie.
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Credit Public Service Union But for the most part, the PJM Interconnection, the independent power grid serving the mid-Atlantic region including New Jersey, was spared and the lights stayed on. And the electricity customers in New Jersey who lost power generally bounced back more quickly than those in neighboring states.
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Card Credit Processing Service PJM officials said they still trying to determine what specific actions kept 97 percent of their system running. But they said part of the credit goes to the $800 million that its 260 member companies have invested during the past four years to create a system designed to isolate a catastrophic power shutdown.
Center Credit Service Union "All that's being studied now. There isn't a precise answer yet," said Joe Patterson, a spokesman for the PJM, which is based in a nondescript office building in Valley Forge, Pa. "But our system prevented the blackout from coming into our grid."
Card Credit Service Wireless While precise answers probably will come from several national panels studying the blackout, Patterson said the PJM system detected irregular activities on the transmission grid last Thursday afternoon and automatically responded with circuit-breaker devices.
Credit Security Service Union The PJM, the oldest regional power grid in the nation, is generally regarded by energy experts as one of the premier managers of the nation's transmission grid. The PJM forecasts how much electricity will be needed in a region serving 25 million people and coordinates with power plants on output and pricing.
Credit Report Service "My guess is, the PJM has the most experience in managing the grid and that's probably the main reason why it worked out in this case," said Roger Schwarz, a lawyer and lobbyist who represents the Mid-Atlantic Power Supply Association.
Blogspot Com Christian Steve Gabel, president of Gabel Associates, a Highlands Park energy-consulting firm, agreed. "In the last five years, PJM, as a grid operator, is at the top of the class when it comes to managing regionwide transmission systems," he said.
Christian Counseling Credit Vijay Vittal, a professor of electrical engineering at Iowa State University, said he suspects the PJM has taken a relatively cautious approach -- that is, adopting lower thresholds on its relays, which are the first line of defense in a power system, and in its monitoring system to trigger automatic shutdowns -- that allowed it to react swiftly to last Thursday's events.
Credit Federal Service Union In New Jersey, PSE&G customers went dark as a consequence of the power problems in New York; electricity was drained from the four transmission lines linking that state with North Jersey.
Credit Monitoring Service But PSE&G's preliminary information shows all of its relay devices in the northern portion of the state worked as designed, said Ralph LaRossa, vice president of electric delivery for the Newark-based utility. Relays are sensors that measure the amount of power going through transmission lines and check to make sure there are no problems at either end.
Credit Division Service In this instance, the relays detected low voltage -- 80 percent of the normal force -- and high current in the transmission lines, and immediately opened circuits to disconnect power plants and normally high-voltage power lines from catastrophic damage, LaRossa said.
Card Credit Online Service Although its information is still very preliminary, PSE&G officials believe a number of factors worked to halt the cascading effect in New Jersey.
Consumer Counseling Credit Inc One factor, LaRossa said, might have been the investments the utility has made during the past 100 years in diversifying its transmission and power generation system. There were enough power plants and transmission lines still operating to provide the necessary power to prevent other lines and plants from shutting down, he said.
Card Credit Fleet Service Motorists who travel the length of the New Jersey Turnpike get a glimpse just how large the system is, Gabel said. "Every five or 10 miles, you will see a small turbine station or transmission lines heading south or west," he said. "Those two things speak to the diversification and strength of the system."
Card Consolidation Credit In addition, PSE&G technicians took action to increase electricity generation at other power plants in the state to provide the additional electricity to prevent the collapse of other transmission lines, as occurred in other states. That, in turn, may have prevented power grids outside the region from experiencing outages later in the evening, LaRossa said.
Credit Free Online Report "I don't think we could have performed much better," LaRossa said.
Credit Federal First Service By Tom Johnson
Star-Ledger - 8/21/2003
Topic: Energy
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