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Hard Questions For Movement To Shut Indian Point

Credit Pacific Service Union Since Sept. 11, an unusually broad coalition of elected officials, civic and environmental groups and homeowners across New York City's northern suburbs has come together over a temptingly simple demand: close the Indian Point nuclear power plant.

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Credit First Service Union Frightened by the possibility of a catastrophic terrorist attack on the nuclear complex 30 miles north of Manhattan, critics are saying with increasing intensity that it is time for the plant to be shut down.

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Card Credit Mobile Service But even as opposition continues to grow, the movement's leaders are confronting some hard questions. What are the options for closing the plant? Do they provide any promising avenues for opponents to follow? Would closing the plant eliminate the security issues there?

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Card Credit Discover Service And if Indian Point is closed, how will the region's energy needs and electricity rates be affected?

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Credit Public Service Union None of the answers give easy comfort to those who think Indian Point's risks far outweigh its benefits to the region.

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Card Credit Processing Service Indian Point's opponents have raised the possibility of a terrorist attack on the plant that would send deadly plumes of radiation into the densely populated area, a release that could imperil areas as far away as Manhattan. They have said Westchester County's emergency plan, which includes the possible evacuation of people up to 10 miles downwind of the plant, would never work.

Center Credit Service Union At a public hearing on Dec. 20, the president of one of the bus companies whose drivers are supposed to pick up children in the evacuation zone called the plan "a fairy tale," saying the drivers would not go. Others have said the roads in the area jammed at rush hour even on ordinary days would be clogged with panicking families.

Card Credit Service Wireless Many opponents believe that the plant, which is in Buchanan, N.Y., would be forced to shut down if Westchester officials, who are responsible for maintaining the emergency plan, decided to withdraw from it. A number of county legislators said they would vote for a withdrawal, and no nuclear plant can maintain its license without a federally approved emergency plan.

Credit Security Service Union But federal officials have said the plant is safe, and they have no intention of closing it. The federal government can declare that the emergency provisions are adequate even in the absence of county or state participation. In the aftermath of the Three Mile Island nuclear accident in 1979, officials in Rockland County, just across the Hudson from Westchester, did withdraw from the emergency plan at Indian Point, and state officials simply created a substitute plan for Rockland.

Credit Report Service Partly as a result of that incident, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission developed the so-called realism rule in the early 1980's, stating that the commission could independently determine that a plant owner's emergency plans were sufficient.

Blogspot Com Christian "If a state or county decides to withdraw in whole or in part from the emergency plan, the realism rule says we believe they will in fact do everything required for the safety of their citizens," said Edwin F. Fox, a senior emergency planning specialist at the commission.

Christian Counseling Credit Some opponents of Indian Point say that despite these rules, federal officials will not ignore the movement if it continues to grow.

Credit Federal Service Union "The N.R.C. may be the only agency with final authority over the plant, but what it would do in a changed political climate is not clear," said Assemblyman Richard L. Brodsky, who convened the Dec. 20 hearings on the Indian Point emergency plan and is a leader of the movement to close the plant.

Credit Monitoring Service Neil A. Sheehan, a spokesman for the N.R.C., said the agency judged plants on the basis of science, not politics. It has periodically closed reactors with persistent technical problems, and it shut down one of Indian Point's two reactors for almost a year in early 2000 after an accident involving a steam generator tube. That reactor, Indian Point 2, drew more criticism in recent weeks after four of seven control-room crews failed their annual requalification tests. But N.R.C. and Entergy representatives said the reactor was making substantial improvements after Entergy acquired it from its old owner, Con Edison, in September.

Credit Division Service There is no indication that Entergy is daunted by the opposition. The company has already spent about $3 million on new security measures since Sept. 11, and it intends to run the two reactors at least until their current licenses run out, in 2013 and 2015, said Jim Steets, an Entergy spokesman. There would then be an opportunity to renew the licenses for up to 20 years.

Card Credit Online Service If politicians did try to force a closure, the nuclear industry would not go down without a fight. "You can't take away an asset like that and not reimburse the company," said Maureen Koetz, the director of environmental programs at the Nuclear Energy Institute, a trade group. "I think it would require a lot of legal force." Entergy paid $528 million for Indian Point 2 earlier this year, and $967 million for Indian Point 3 and another reactor elsewhere in the state last year.

Consumer Counseling Credit Inc Entergy also employs 1,500 people full time at the plant, and they would probably make their voices heard if the movement to close Indian Point got closer to success, Mr. Steets said.

Card Credit Fleet Service In any case, the history of political opposition to nuclear plants suggests that it is not easy to get to that point. There have been a number of popular referendums to close nuclear plants, and only one has succeeded, against the Rancho Seco plant in Sacramento in 1989. That plant was publicly owned, and polls taken after the closing suggested that the voters' decision was influenced more by concerns about management than by worries about nuclear safety.

Card Consolidation Credit That was before Sept. 11, when the threat of a suicide attack made all of the nation's 83 nuclear reactor sites seem far more vulnerable. Opponents say Indian Point, whose two reactors and three pools of spent fuel are in the most densely populated area around any nuclear plant in the country, should be shut down until better security measures can be developed, if not permanently.

Credit Free Online Report But it is not clear how much safer a shutdown would make the plant. The large amounts of spent nuclear fuel stored at the site would remain there even if it was closed because there is still no federally approved repository for nuclear waste, N.R.C. officials said. Moving the fuel out of the pools where it is currently stored to a dry cask storage system a change advocated by those who favor a shutdown would make it safer from an attack, said David Lochbaum, a former nuclear engineer and spokesman for the Union of Concerned Scientists. But that change could be made without shutting down the reactors.

Credit Federal First Service Another obstacle to closing the plant is that it provides 7 to 8 percent of the electricity consumed in New York State, and is an important power source in New York City, said Carol E. Murphy, a spokeswoman for the New York Independent System Operator, the nonprofit company that controls the state's electricity grid.

Consumer Credit Service If the plant were to shut down tomorrow, there would probably be power shortages and certainly an increase in wholesale electricity prices this summer in the New York region, probably by about 20 percent, said Gavin J. Donohue, the executive director of the Independent Power Producers of New York, an industry association. For the average rate payer with a monthly bill of $100 during the summer, that would mean an increase of $6 to $7.

Center Credit Family Service But Ashok Gupta, the senior energy economist at the Natural Resources Defense Council, which favors closing the plant, said that estimate excludes conservation improvements and a number of new power plants that are being planned in the region. If those changes are added to the picture, they could compensate for the loss of the plant by this summer, and certainly within two or three years, Mr. Gupta said.

Credit Reporting Service Other analysts say newer plants will worsen air pollution in the area, unlike Indian Point, which does not contribute in significant ways to air pollution. And the prospect of new smog-generating plants or higher electricity rates in low-income areas like the Bronx has already become an issue as the Indian Point opponents seek to expand their movement into the city.

Cca Credit Division Service "We believe that any closure must first deal with alternative generation of electricity that will be needed to make up for a shutdown, and until those concerns are dealt with in an equitable manner, we could not fully support a shutdown," said Timothy Logan, the energy coordinator at the New York City Environmental Justice Alliance, a group that works on environmental issues in low-income communities.

Credit Free Report Service Acknowledging the region's energy needs, many of those who favor a shutdown say they would like to convert Indian Point into a natural gas plant. But converting Indian Point to natural gas would itself be a difficult process. The old plant would have to be decommissioned first, and the new plant would require a larger supply of gas than is now possible using an existing pipeline running through the site, Mr. Steets said.

Card Credit Customer Discover Converting the plant could inflame further controversy because the most likely source for a larger supply of natural gas would be the Millennium Pipeline, a proposed 422- mile high-pressure natural gas line that would run underground from Lake Erie to Mount Vernon. That proposal has itself been drawing protests over the past year from Westchester residents who say it poses serious environmental risks.

Credit Repair Report Service By Robert F. Worth
New York Times - 12/27/2001

Topic: Nuclear

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