Credit Pacific Service Union Shortly after 4 p.m. on Thursday, Aug. 14, the power grid in New York State was operating with textbook efficiency, briskly exporting 1,000 megawatts of electricity, roughly the output of a large power plant, northward across the border to Ontario. Several power plants were out of service in Canada, and New York was helping answer the need.
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Credit First Service Union Suddenly, the demand in Ontario nearly doubled, as parts of the power grid to its south, in Michigan and Ohio, began to crumble. Power then began streaming from New York to satisfy the unexpected hunger for electricity on the other side of the border. And then the unthinkable happened: the power flow abruptly reversed, and 1,500 megawatts blew southward in a kind of electrical hurricane on the grid.
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Card Credit Mobile Service It all took 90 seconds, and turned what would have been a major summer blackout in the Midwest into an epic mess that affected tens of millions of people in the largest blackout in the nation's history.
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Card Credit Discover Service As the investigation into the blackout continues, scientists and engineers will be looking not just at where problems began in the Midwest, where the failure of a number of power lines in Ohio appears to have set everything in motion.
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Credit Public Service Union A central question to be answered is what exactly happened at the border of New York and Canada whether mechanical protective devices at the extremely powerful electrical connection linking the two countries failed or even had a chance to operate, and whether the humans in charge could have done anything to anticipate or limit the damage.
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Card Credit Processing Service This picture of the blackout's progression is based on information made available by the New York Independent System Operator, which manages the day-to-day flow of electricity on the grid in the state, and industry officials who have been briefed by investigators.
Center Credit Service Union New York officials say that they received no warning of the approaching storm in time to make any manual adjustments to the grid here that could have isolated the state and kept the blackness from speeding southward.
Card Credit Service Wireless "It's almost like a wave crashing over a seawall," said an industry representative who is familiar with the operations of the northeastern power grid. "It was quick, real quick."
Credit Security Service Union The stunning swiftness of the events defeated the state's best-laid plans for handling such a crisis and keeping the lights on for those millions of people. The grid collapsed here even though New York unlike other states, like California has enough power-generating capacity to satisfy its own demands without any outside help.
Credit Report Service To explain how the blackout marched through the East Coast from Ontario, investigators will look at everything from the settings on relays circuit breakers, in essence on transmission lines connecting the two countries, to potential breakdowns in communications between different pieces of the power grid.
Blogspot Com Christian Already, the question of New York's fate the state was supposed to be safe from a cascading blackout has become deeply politicized. Democratic lawmakers as well as the state's attorney general have cast blame on Gov. George E. Pataki for a failure of vision and investment in the state's power system. Mr. Pataki has dismissed the criticism and urged that the federal Department of Energy complete its investigation before blame is assigned.
Christian Counseling Credit Hearings on New York's performance on Aug. 14 are scheduled for Wednesday in Albany.
Credit Federal Service Union Whatever the ultimate sequence of events, the last stage of the blackout was doubly surprising to many officials, given New York's ability to produce enough electricity to isolate itself from the grid and yet still stay powered.
Credit Monitoring Service In fact, New York should be able to isolate itself and act independently, said Gavin Donohue, executive director of Independent Power Producers of New York, the association of all the power plant owners. New York can generate more than 34,000 megawatts; peak demand is around 32,000, and that day, they were running at 28,500.
Credit Division Service This sets New York starkly apart from California, whose troubles in the 1996 West Coast blackout and the 2001 rolling blackouts were tied to the fact that it has to import about one-quarter of its peak-load power from out of state, making it dependent on the transmission grid, on the people who run that grid, and on the trading markets.
Card Credit Online Service "California is an enormous importer of power, and that's an important, basic difference between us," Mr. Donohue said.
Consumer Counseling Credit Inc But New York's theoretical independence works only if there's enough time to, in effect, raise the drawbridge at the border in an emergency. "There was supposed to be some sort of warning system, where one region warns another of potential problems, and you respond accordingly," Mr. Donohue said.
Card Credit Fleet Service The organization charged with monitoring the grid in the Midwest the Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator should have warned its counterparts of impending problems, he said. "That's what's supposed to happen, but clearly those warnings weren't sent."
Card Consolidation Credit Like a cyclone pattern in the clouds seen from a weather satellite, the first hints of problems turned up in Ohio. The very earliest indications seemed innocuous enough: a power plant in northern Ohio went offline at 2 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time; a transmission line was lost for unknown reasons at 3:06.
Credit Free Online Report But then, at 3:32, presumably because of excess power being carried after the loss of the first line, another line heated and sagged into some trees just outside Cleveland. Quickly, a series of further line failures cut the Cleveland area off from power sources in southern Ohio.
Credit Federal First Service Electricity attempted to flow in a roundabout path through Indiana and Lower Michigan, and finally back to Ohio, to reach the Cleveland area. At the same time, Ontario, through its own links with Michigan, began pouring power into the same maelstrom of electrical supply and demand.
Consumer Credit Service It was probably at that point that New York's grid suddenly saw the demand for power in Ontario leap from 1,000 to 1,800 megawatts in effect, trying to power Cleveland through Ontario. Then, as the system overloaded in the Midwest, more power lines failed and plants shut down, and Ontario severed its connections with Michigan.
Center Credit Family Service At about the same time, internal systems in Ontario isolated some of its southern power plants. All of those actions left Ontario's power with nowhere to go except south, into New York.
Credit Reporting Service So the power flow reversed direction, surging back across the New York border. The Blackout of 2003 roared into its final stages.
Cca Credit Division Service For whatever reasons, New York's transmission connections to Ontario remained largely open, and there was no stopping the tidal wave from forcing plant shutdowns across the state.
Credit Free Report Service That picture is generally consistent with a sequence presented last week by Cambridge Energy Research Associates, a private firm that performed its own analysis using information gathered from industry sources. But Cambridge Energy had assumed that New York closed its border with Ontario and that power built up as a result of overgeneration in New York, not from a swing of power from the north.
Card Credit Customer Discover Hoff Stauffer of Cambridge Energy confirmed in conversations with an official at the New York Independent System Operator yesterday that the power swings in fact did take place as the border remained open and power sloshed back and forth from Ontario.
Credit Repair Report Service Two other industry representatives with knowledge of the northeastern grid also confirmed that view, which was presented in a meeting of investigators in Newark on Friday. The Department of Energy has assumed control of the investigation.
Credit Legal Repair Service A government scientist participating in the investigation said that the critical domino that turned a regional problem into a giant blackout still seemed to be earlier in the line at the point where lines shutting down in Ohio started a long-distance chain reaction of overloads and plant shutdowns.
Cic Credit Monitoring Service "What it looks like is that enough things started happening without people sort of recognizing they were in a mode where too many things had lined up," the scientist said. "This is out. This is out. This is out. Then all of a sudden, bam, it's too late. The trick to prevent this was for somebody to have identified that."
Ccs Credit Division Service But much more work needed to be done, he said, to line up data from disparate sources.
Credit Service Union Worker Within New York, there was a patchy pattern of regions that made it through the general blackout with their lights on often areas served by small generating facilities. There are about 200 nongovernment-owned power plants around the state, many quite small hydroelectric facilities.
1st Credit Service Union The spottiness of blackouts upstate "had a lot to do with the fact that the hydro plants kept running," said Peter Barden, spokesman for the New York Power Authority.
Card Chase Credit Customer "As you move from west to east, the system stayed more intact in the west than in the east," said Herb Schrayshuen, vice president of transmission commercial services at National Grid, the parent company of Niagara Mohawk.
Card Chase Credit Service Mr. Schrayshuen said that urban areas had so-called "load-shedding plans," or ways of reducing the drain on power systems in a crisis, that may have saved some cities in New York.
Citi Credit Monitoring Service Whatever the case, city centers in Buffalo, Albany, Syracuse and Utica stayed mostly on.
By James Glanz and Rishard Perez-Pena
New York Times - 8/26/2003
Topic: Energy