Credit Pacific Service Union The Forest Service has concluded in a study released today that the biggest threat to Southern forests is urban sprawl, a finding that to some degree absolves the timber industry for the effects of a logging boom that has transformed the South in recent decades.
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Credit First Service Union "Among forces of change, urbanization will have the most direct, immediate and permanent effects on the extent, condition and health of forests," the study found.
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Card Credit Mobile Service The study, an assessment of Southern forests conducted over the last two years, forecasts that 31 million acres of forests in the region will be lost to urbanization from 1992 to 2040. But it estimates that the 13 states of the South will experience an overall decline of only 2 percent in forests because it expects much of what is now farmland to be converted to forests.
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Card Credit Discover Service Those new forests would largely be tree farms, which environmentalists say come at the expense of true forests and wetlands. And conservation groups said the way the Forest Service report was written masked the drastic shifts occurring in the Southern landscape.
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Credit Public Service Union Most of the urbanization is expected to take place along the South's coastline, while the new forests are expected to be grown in its western regions.
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Card Credit Processing Service The report grew out of the increasing clash between environmentalists and the timber industry over land management and was meant to serve as a basis of information for future policy debates. It was conducted by the Forest Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Fish and Wildlife Service and several universities.
Center Credit Service Union "Urbanization is the most immediate threat," said David N. Wear, a forest economics researcher for the Forest Service based in Research Triangle Park, N.C., and an author of the report.
Card Credit Service Wireless The report also cited other factors, including pine beetle infestation and ozone pollution. Given the magnitude of the tree harvesting and changes in the environment, Mr. Wear said, "sustainability is not a foregone conclusion. It's not just going to happen; we need to make it happen."
Credit Security Service Union Timber industry officials greeted the report as a vindication. They said it confirmed that they were managing forests carefully and showed that environmentalists had exaggerated problems caused by the industry as opposed to those caused by sprawl.
Credit Report Service "The findings echo what our knowledge and experience has told us: that urbanization is a problem for forests," said Michael Klein, a spokesman for the American Forest and Paper Association.
Blogspot Com Christian He said the industry planted more than a billion new trees in the South each year. "We harvest trees, but it's in our best interest to make sure we replant them," he said. "Our livelihood is in the South. If there's a problem with sustainability, we need to know about it. We're pleased to see that there aren't a lot of problems."
Christian Counseling Credit But Lark Hayes, a lawyer for the Southern Environmental Law Center, based in Chapel Hill, N.C., said that while urbanization was clearly a factor in the destruction of forests, there were other major threats as well, particularly by what she called the "massive conversion" of forestland to pine tree plantations.
Credit Federal Service Union Such plantations, Ms. Hayes said, often involved the use of herbicides to reduce competing vegetation and supported less diverse species.
Credit Monitoring Service The industry likes the plantations because they grow quickly and generate quick revenue. Pine plantations in the South grew to 32 million acres in 1999 from 2 million acres in 1953. The study forecasts that pine plantations will keep expanding, to 54 million acres in 2040, while all other forest types decline.
Credit Division Service The land expected to become pine plantations by 2040, Ms. Hayes said, is equivalent to the size of North and South Carolina combined. She said the report failed to discuss why tree farms were detrimental.
Card Credit Online Service "It talks about imperiled critters, but it stops short of connecting the dots between the levels of timber harvest and tree farms and the declines in those species," she said.
Consumer Counseling Credit Inc Jon Evans, a professor of biology at the University of the South, in Sewanee, Tenn., said, "The report raises a number of red flags about the future of Southern forests."
Card Credit Fleet Service He said the South was home to the highest number of endangered ecosystems and was experiencing the sharpest shifts in land use of any region in the country.
Card Consolidation Credit The South is now the nation's leading paper producer, providing nearly 60 percent of the wood supply.
Credit Free Online Report Timber companies say the shift from the Pacific Northwest to the South occurred because of better growing conditions; environmentalists say that Southern landowners have encouraged the expansion by allowing the timber industry to use their forests, which, unlike those West, are primarily on private land.
Credit Federal First Service In the last 50 years, the South's timber production has more than doubled and its share of world production has climbed from 6.3 percent to 15.8 percent. Timber is a major underpinning of the once-agrarian South, accounting for 6 percent of the jobs and 8 percent of the income. The South now produces more timber than any country in the world.
Consumer Credit Service The study said the presence of imperiled animal species were cause for concern. And because nonfragmented swaths of forest are increasingly rare, it said, they have a disproportionately high ecological value.
Center Credit Family Service As the South's population continues to rise, so will urbanization, the report noted, threatening the habitats of the 1,208 vertebrate species known to exist in the South, 132 of which are already of conservation concern and 28 of which are classified as imperiled.
Credit Reporting Service By Katharine Q. Seelye
New York Times - 11/27/2001
Topic: Forests & Trees
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